Something else has happened with computers.

Nothing in life is certain except death, taxes and the second law of thermodynamics.

At some point, Moore’s law will break down.

Moore’s law is a law not of nature, but of human ingenuity.

One of the things that I’ve been doing recently in my scientific research is to ask this question: Is the universe actually capable of performing things like digital computations?

A classical computation is like a solo voice – one line of pure tones succeeding each other. A quantum computation is like a symphony – many lines of tones interfering with one another.

According to the standard model billions of years ago some little quantum fluctuation, perhaps a slightly lower density of matter, maybe right where we’re sitting right now, caused our galaxy to start collapsing around here.

Of course, not everybody’s willing to go out and do the experiments, but for the people who are willing to go out and do that, – if the experiments don’t work, then it means it’s not science.

What’s happened with society is that we have created these devices, computers, which already can register and process huge amounts of information, which is a significant fraction of the amount of information that human beings themselves, as a species, can process.

Another feature that everybody notices about the universe is that it’s complex.